Psychopathy Or Antisocial Personality Disorder - 921 Words

Running head: PSYCHOPATHY OR ANTISOCIAL PERSONALITY DISORDER 1. Psychopathy or Antisocial Personality Disorder Valeria Frierson Walden University Dr. Hampe PSYCHOPATHY OR ANTISOCIAL PERSONALITY DISORDER 2. Abstract This paper will focus on the relevance of assessing psychopathy or antisocial personality disorder. The importance of the assessment and the adjudication process will also be discussed. Key words: psychopathy, antisocial personality disorder, violence recidivism. PSYCHOPATHY OR ANTISOCIAL PERSONALITY DISORDER 3. According to Pinel (1801) psychopathy is defined as persons with complete cognitive capacity but these persons experienced spontaneous and antisocial behavior. These persons suffered from mania without insanity. Pinel (1801) in his description was distinguishing those persons whose unlawful acts and depraved acts were due to mental deficiencies or psychopathology as opposed to those with no indication of any mental defects. Psychopathy has a strong connection to violent behavior and recidivism. Research indicates that persons with high levels of psychopathy are more likely to continue instrumental violent behavior when compared to those person’s with lower levels of psychopathy Jackson, R. (2008). Mannerisms connected to this behavior are grandiosity and arrogance which are frequently found in psychopaths . According to a study completed by Williamson, Hare and Wong (1987), criminals with high PCL-R scoresShow MoreRelatedAntisocial Personality Disorder And Psychopathy1777 W ords   |  8 PagesWhat is Antisocial Personality Disorder? Antisocial Personality Disorder is a disorder that is characterized by a long-standing pattern of disregard for other people’s rights, often crossing the line and violating those rights. A person with Antisocial Personality Disorder often feels little or no empathy toward other people, and doesn’t see the problem in bending or breaking the law for their own needs or wants. The disorder usually begins in childhood or as a teen and continues into adulthood.Read MoreAntisocial Personality Disorder ( Sociopathy And Psychopathy Essay1548 Words   |  7 PagesAntisocial personality disorder is a condition as to where the person that has the disorder tends to be manipulative, deceitful, reckless or malicious. Antisocial personality disorder, a lot like other personality disorders, is often put on a spectrum. Which in turn means that the disorder can often range in severity. The variables can range from committing small or insignificant acts of bad behavior, to potentially harming others and committing large scale crimes. For reference, psychopathy isRead MorePsychopathy and Antisocial Personality Disorder Essay3413 Words   |  14 PagesIntroduction The purpose of this study is to compare and contrast the constructs of psychopathy and antisocial personality disorder. The aim is to highlight whether the terms psychopathy and antisocial personality disorder reflect the same construct or whether they differ. Furthermore, recommendations for treatment of criminal behavior will be explored. For the purposes of this evaluation some definitions need to be highlighted: Criminal offence is an act that breaks a law, which relates how to behaveRead MoreCharacteristics Of Psychopathy And Antisocial Disorder1337 Words   |  6 PagesCharacteristics of Psychopathy vs Antisocial Disorder Dennis Metz University of South Florida Characteristics of Psychopathy vs Antisocial Disorder Psychopathy is defined as a disorder of personality and antisocial disorder is primarily behaviorally based. Interestingly these disorders are considered co-morbid, because they can be present simultaneously within in patient but are not the same (Werner, Few, Bucholz, 2015). This paper will discuss the literature for psychopathy and antisocial disorderRead MorePsychopathy, Sociopathy And Anti Social Personality Disorder913 Words   |  4 PagesAre Psychopathy, Sociopathy and Anti-Social Personality Disorder the same? Psychopathy, sociopathy, and anti-social personality disorder, also known as ASPD, are three very similar disorders; so much so that it is a common question if they are the same disorder or not. All three of them are defined as people who have anti-social behaviours. All of these disorders are very common in people who disregard both the law and social norms, have no shame or guilt, and are occasionally violent; such asRead MoreAntisocial Personality Disorder ( Dsm V )1672 Words   |  7 Pagesof Mental Disorders-V (DSM-V), released in 2013, places psychopathy, along with sociopathy, in the category of ego-syntonic1 personality disorders (Jenkins, 2014). The official term, encompassing both psychopathy and sociopathy, is Antisocial Personality Disorder; this disorder is â€Å"characterized by a long-standing pattern of a disregard for other people’s rights, often crossing the line and violating those rights† (Psych Central, 2014). Those afflicted with Antisocial Perso nality Disorder act onlyRead MoreTaking a Look at Psychopaths and Sociopaths1325 Words   |  5 Pages Of all the psychiatric disorders, none are more chilling to the world then the psychopaths and sociopaths. These two disorders, categorized as antisocial personality disorders, bring about the absolute worse people and killers that the world has ever known. The infamous serial killers, the people who do the unimaginable, were all psychopaths. The ability of these people to do what they do and know that what they are doing is wrong, is perhaps one of the most chilling and shocking characteristicRead MoreAntisocial Personality Disorder ( Ocd ) Essay827 Words   |  4 PagesAntisocial Personality Disorder Katie McGuire University of Groningen Student number: s3229211 Mentor group number: 1636 Mentors: Joke van Dijken and Johanna Hecht Date: 25/10/2016 Antisocial Personality Disorder Antisocial Personality Disorder (APD) is a disorder characterized by behaviour that is socially undesirable such as breaking the law, lying, and not feeling any guilt. People who suffer from APD often have certain personality traits such as being charming, manipulative, insincereRead MoreThe Role Of Antisocial And Borderline Personality Disorder928 Words   |  4 Pagesfrom secure care: The role of antisocial/borderline personality disorder co-morbidity, substance dependence and severe childhood conduct disorder by Howard ET all it examines the relationship with ANTI SOICAL PERSONLITY DISORDER and criminally reoffending g after being released. The study the article talks about aims to test the relationship between ANTI SOICAL PERSONLITY DISORDER and its common co morbid disorders such as substance abuse borderline personality disorder and their chance to offend andRead MorePsychopathic And Genetics : A Broken Chain1114 Words   |  5 PagesGenetics: A Broken Chain Psychopathy has been a growing topic in psychology in the past several years. Studies and research wonder what is the cause for this behavior, how does the disorder develop, and how it is linked through genetics. Since psychopathy can be linked to genetic traits these individuals are more dangerous compared to those who are labeled sociopaths. Environmental factors also play a role in the behavior of psychopaths, but in different ways since antisocial tendencies are developed

College Education Is A Major Crisis - 1080 Words

In today’s society, American youth are facing a major crisis. The government’s statistics show that a large percentage of young men and women are joining the ranks of the unemployed. The most startling fact is that many of these individuals are recent college graduates. Many studies stress the importance of a college education, calling it an â€Å"economic investment† and the â€Å"most important choice made in a person’s lifetime†. Indeed, the decision to pursue college education is important, but many people do not consider the risks of doing so. While going to college seems like a noble pursuit, it is simply not feasible for this generation of young people, as the astronomical expenses, fierce competition of the job market, and the increasing obsolescence of the college degree are major deciding factors against the idea of getting a college education. The most important factor against getting a college education is the cost involved. Education is like an investment or an economic decision. Many people seriously overlook the implications of spending massive sums of money just to get a degree because they are expected to do so. Former US Secretary of Education William Bennett says that There are three main reasons [why college is expensive]. One is a lot of families will pay anything to send their kids to college. Two, many colleges will try to get as much money as they can. Three, the federal government endlessly subsidizes the increases in college and higher education.Show MoreRelatedStudents Should Not Be A Cause For Student Boredom846 Words   |  4 Pagesbecause they prefer the nonacademic characteristics of education such as sports, clubs, or art programs. A student’s boredom in high school relates to STEM educational programs in college because an individual’s experience in high school may affect his or her sel ection of a major in a community college or university. If someone still wants to pursue a STEM career after high school, then he or she will be faced with additional struggles in college. The fields of science, technology, engineering, andRead MorePost Secondary Education Comes At A High Price864 Words   |  4 PagesPost-secondary education comes at a high price. The excitement of graduating college to land the six-figure job is soon destroyed when students realize how much debt they obtain. Dreams of owning a house and starting a family are shattered by the money borrowed to provide and guarantee students an excellent future. Instead of waiting to land the ideal job, students work multiple jobs to help ends meet. Struggling to stay afloat, millions of students become victims of one of the major economic crisis in theRead MoreStudent Debt Over The Years876 Words   |  4 PagesPost-secondary education comes at a very high price. The excitement of graduating college to land the six-figure job is soon destroyed when you realize how much debt you are in. Dreams of owning a house and starting a family is shattered by the money borrowed to provide and guarantee student s a better future. Instead of waiting to land that perfect job, students are forced to work multiple jobs to help ends meet. Struggling to stay afloat, millions of students are becoming victims of one of the major economicRead MoreThe Nationwide Student Debt Crisis967 Words   |  4 PagesFact or Fiction: The Nationwide Student Debt Crisis In the United States, it is generally accepted that college (or any form of higher education for that matter) is a wise investment that each and every individual should strive for. Each and every year thousands of parents open college funds and future investment plans to ensure that once their child is of age he or she can participate in quality educational programs. While college attendance rates are at a positive all-time high, right behind itRead MoreHow The Student Loan Debt Crisis Is Undermining Economic And Social Progress Of American Graduates1635 Words   |  7 PagesHow the Student Loan Debt Crisis Is Undermining the Economic and Social progress of American Graduates Currently, higher education is highly valued as a step in achieving success and earnings potential, but attaining a degree comes at a high cost. Although a very valued asset, the cost to attain a college degree for most students includes getting loans, grants from the government, and sometimes even private loans. Most of these loans come at a high price for students as the interest structure forRead MoreStudent Debt Over The Years984 Words   |  4 PagesHigher education comes at an extremely high price. The excitement of graduating college to land the six-figure job is soon destroyed when students realize how much debt they’ve obtained. Dreams of owning a house and starting a family are shattered by the money borrowed to provide and guarantee students an excellent future. Instead of waiting to land the ideal job, students work multiple jobs to help ends meet. Struggling to stay afloat, millions of students become victims of one of the major economicRead MoreWill Free Colleg es Solve The Student Debt Crisis?1479 Words   |  6 PagesFree Colleges solve the Student Debt Crisis? Every American student has a dream to go to college and to be debt-free. Due to the upcoming presidential elections, candidate Senator Bernie Sanders wants to introduce a bill that would cover the tuition costs for students who attend two and four-year institution. This question makes many Americans wonder, will free public colleges solve the student debt crisis. Although free tuition would help stop the fast-paced growth of the Student Debt Crisis, itRead MoreThe Financial Crisis Of 20081326 Words   |  6 Pagesfinancial crisis of 2008, President Obama completely eliminated the middleman and fully implemented direct student loans (Kingkade). Although this stopped large banks from profiting off of government backed loans, it still didn’t reduce the supply of loans or the ease of obtaining them. Availability of Credit As tuition has been on the steady rise, student debt to finance the education has been increasing exponentially. As stated above, this is the main driving for behind the higher education bubbleRead MoreIncome Share Agreements ( Isa )1169 Words   |  5 PagesAgreements (ISA) With student loan debt becoming increasingly worse year after year, new and potentially better avenues for students to finance a college education are emerging onto the market. In particular, income-share agreements (ISA) have appeared on the scene for a few years now, but not have attempted to modernize the way students pay for college. The big take away from ISA’s is the shift of financial risk from the student to the investor, unlike the traditional government or private loansRead MoreWhy so Expensive?922 Words   |  4 PagesWhy So Expensive? College is said to be some of the best years of your life. The parties, the freedom, and the new experience help you find new friends, hopefully a career and yourself, but rising college cost are having young adults stressing instead of enjoying the college experience. Every year less and less states are giving their college’s money and more and more students are asking for financial aid or taking out student loans. The more that college tuition continues to rise the more of

American History The Great Depression - 1411 Words

Throughout the course of American history, many events arose which have transpired variations in the lifestyles of American citizens, and everyday life. In particular, in the 1930s the Great Depression transpired as a result of the stock market crash which led to an immense widespread of unemployment of numerous Americans. Many primary sources contributed to the hardships people have faced. To gain an understanding on how the Great Depression happened, one has to imitate the history of the events that led to it. The Twenty-eighth president of the United States, Woodrow Wilson, was in office till the end of World War I (Prentice Hall 558). Wilson fused the United States to the League of Nations in hopes to prevent future conflict; however, this plan was ineffective (558). Continuing on to the 1920s, also known as the Roaring Twenties, the Jazz age endangered â€Å"the traditional values of rural America† (pbs.org). After World War I was over, people started using credit to buy mass-produced goods because America began to prosper, and citizens began centering their lives on consumerism. Things started to change in society. For example, women began â€Å"smoking, drinking, and wearing short skirts. The average American was busy buying automobiles and household appliances, and speculating in the stock market, where big money could be made† (pbs.org). This led to an event, which shaped the way people lived and thought. On October 29, 1929, better known as Black Tuesday, the stock marketShow MoreRelatedAmerican History : The Great Depression1688 Words   |  7 PagesJorgensen American history The Great Depression The Great Depression The Great Depression was a terrible time for people in the United States. With the stock market crash, there were many people without jobs, homes, or they didn’t have anything. Many Americans were left with nothing more than the clothes on their back and their family. Many banks and businesses had to close because on the stock market crash. Even though these times in the thirties seemed to be hard for most people, the American peopleRead MoreAmerican History : The Great Depression Essay1788 Words   |  8 PagesButler Mr. David Modern US History 28 November 2016 The Great Depression The Great Depression was a time in American history that not only affected the United States deeply, but also the rest of the world (Irwin). Jobs were tough to come by, the stock market was poor, and the American people lacked strong government leadership for a time. In Europe, countries recovering from the great losses of World War I were buried once again in debt and turmoil. The Great Depression was a consequence of manyRead MoreHistory Of American Economy : The Great Depression Essay1360 Words   |  6 PagesHistory of the American Economy: The Great Depression As early as the 1920s, Americans and their leaders were quite confident about their country’s better future, compared to some of the toughest economic times that the country had gone through, such as the mild economic depression in the early 1820s and the bank panic. In fact, during his election trail, Herbert Hoover shown off America’s optimism by citing that the triumph against the poor house was forthcoming. However, the Great Depression eruptedRead MoreAmerican Economic History: The Great Depression3024 Words   |  12 PagesTwo of the most dramatic episodes in American economic history were the 1929 Great Depression and the 2008 Great Recession. While in each period the sources of economic excess differed, manufacturing in 1929 and housing in 2008, there are many similarities in their causes and effects. Initially there were also similarities in the way government and monetary authorities responded. However, it is the differences in response that are the most i mportant and will have the greatest impact on the lengthRead MoreAmerican History And Literature : The Roaring Twenties, The Great Depression, And Wwii942 Words   |  4 PagesThe early 1900’s (between 1914 and 1945) were an interesting time in both American history and literature. Considering that events such as WWI, the Roaring Twenties, the Great Depression, and WWII had formidable impacts on many people who lived during those parts of the early 20th century; it would be apropos to assume that many writers of that time had major influences in their writing styles out of the various events that occurred during those times. One popular literary movement during this timeRead MoreWhat Is The History Of American Party Politics From The Great Depression Through The 1990s1770 Words   |  8 Pages3. The History of American Party Politics from the Great Depression through the 1990s. In the 18th century, when the debate over the Articles of Confederation and the Constitution was present, the United States formed the two political parties: the Federalist Party, which supported the national government and were dominant until 1800, and the rival Democratic-Republican Party, which supported state governments and were dominant after the 1800s. The two parties led to the creation of the parties,Read MoreWomen s Roles During The Great Depression1413 Words   |  6 PagesTo what extent did white women’s social roles change from the 1920s to the Great Depression when employment and income decreased nationwide? A. Plan of Investigation The Great Depression devastated the United States, and remains the worst depression ever experienced by the nation. During the â€Å"Roaring Twenties† when the economy was thriving in the United States, women took the opportunity to improve their social statuses through enlightenment, but as this period came to an end women’s social rolesRead MoreThe Herbert Hoover : The First President Born West Of The Mississippi River1291 Words   |  6 Pages2016 Knapp ` Herbert Hoover was born on August 10, 1874, in West Branch, Iowa, and was the first president born west of the Mississippi River. He was academically successful and strived to be the best. He was a great candidate but his presidency was a failed one. The Great Depression is mostly to blame, as Hoover worked hard to get to his position and then watched his hard work leave as he lost the chance to be reelected. Hoover was born in a Quaker community, which he later left at the age ofRead MoreUnspeakable Hardship1516 Words   |  7 PagesOctober 29, 1929 was the worst day of many American’s lives. That was the day the stock market crashed and the Great Depression was launched. At first, the President, and other politicians thought it would end after just a few months but it turned out to be the absolute worst stock market crash in the history of America. America lost 14 billion dollars on that one detrimental day and by the end of the week, America lost a flabbergasting 30 billion dollars. Today, that would be the equivalentRead MoreCauses and Effects of The Great Depression in the United States1238 Words   |  5 PagesThe Great Depression is a defining moment in time for not only American, but world history. This was a time that caused political, economical, and social unrest. Not only did the Great Depression cause a world wide panic, it also caused a world wide crisis unlike any before it. This paper will analyze both the causes and the effects of the Great Depression in the United States of America. One cause of the depression is the effects of World War One. World War one had many devastating effects on

Bullying And Aggression At Schools - 1552 Words

According to Horne, Stoddard, and Bell (2007), â€Å"Recognizing that bullying and aggression result in negative academic, emotional, and behavioral consequences, a number of programs have been developed in the last century to address the problem of bullying and aggression in schools† (pg. 264). This argues that there are ways that students can find the help that they need to reduce their feelings that they may have against another student. If students attend these programs that are set up specifically for them, then there could be a huge improvement in reducing bullying in school systems today. For this solution to work, different people need to be involved with this such as the principal, the parents of that child, and the teacher that that†¦show more content†¦The practicality of parents’ coming and discussing this situation that involves their child could either happen or not depending on their every day schedule unless they found an appropriate time that would work for them. It is cost effective because this is already a part of the principal’s duties. One way that could increase the practicality of this happening is that teachers and faculty could sign a petition to follow through with this idea and then if more time is spent on it, then their salaries could be raised. The principal would be the first person that would oversee this solution since they are the higher authority of the school system. According to Cross and Barnes (2014), â€Å"Key patterns of behavior are seen to emerge within the family context, with family members influencing and reacting to each other in complex ways, which may then influence their behavior beyond the family circle† (p. 294). The authors then explain that family influences can impact children and that their behavior of bullying could come from what their parents have taught them. This solution is practical because the data that they ended up collecting toward the end of this showed that behavioral patterns and family relationships can impact aggressive behavior amongst children. The solution will be effective if there is an organization that will go from school to school to provide educational materials for others, to sign a petition saying that they want to preventShow MoreRelatedBullying And School System Are No Secret Essay1502 Words   |  7 PagesHannah Swan EdSE 620 Research paper 9/25/16 Bullying and Aggression in Schools Bullying and aggressive behavior in the school system are no secret. Many people have encountered a bully, or have been a bully at some point in their lives. According to the American Psychological Association (APA) bullying â€Å"is a form of aggressive behavior in which someone intentionally and repeatedly causes another person injury or discomfort. Bullying can take the form of physical contact, words or more subtleRead MoreAdolescent Bullying Using A Liquid, Best Policy Practice Approach Essay1499 Words   |  6 PagesReassessing Adolescent Bullying Using a Liquid, Best Policy Practice Approach Bullying is defined as the prolonged malicious act of harming peers by abusing their own--or an existing imbalance of--power, and has become one of the most common sources of trauma among adolescents. One report shows that one of three children were victims of bullying during some point in their life, and that 10-14% of all adolescents were victims of chronic bullying for at least six months prior to conducting the surveyRead MoreBullying : Bullying And Bullying769 Words   |  4 PagesThrough a recent survey, Burton High School has incidents of female and males being physically bullied on the premise and cyber-bullying. The females reported more Cyber-bullying, off-school premises, through text massages and social media outlets. The males reported a higher rate of physical bullying on the school premise than the females. Students reported the occurrence of physical intimidation preventing younger students to access hallways. Also, student’s who are perceived as â€Å"differ ent† areRead MoreThe Implementation Of Anti Bullying Initiatives976 Words   |  4 PagesThe implementation of anti-bullying initiatives has become increasingly linked with educational polices aimed at improving a school’s effectiveness. We now know that students’ social and emotional learning helps to facilitate their academic learning, and that a student’s level of social competence and the success of their social lives often correlates with their success in classroom academics. Research has continued to highlight that any significant change in school practices requires time and aRead MoreThe Bullies And Victims Article Focus On The Problems Of Bullying1750 Words   |  7 Pageson the problems of bullying in the United Kingdom. Bullying is not just a problem in the United Kingdom; it’s a serious issue throughout the world. When analyzing the incidences that occurred with Mark, Sarah, Theresa, Simon, and Debbie, these attacks were alarming since they were vicious where some of the victims suffered an injury from being physically assaulted. The brutality of these attacks deserves punishment since the bullies used physical aggression and verbal aggression to harass and tormentRead MoreThe Aggressive Behavior Of Male Students851 Words   |  4 PagesDan Olweus (1978) spearheaded academic discourse on bullying. Olweus approached bullying as a theoretical tool to understand the aggressive behaviour of male students. The research the pioneered Olweus’ model of school bullying focused on understanding individual behaviour in light of aggressive personality. Research informed by this early model of school bullying works on the premise that bullying is an expression of individual aggression (Hawley Williford, 2014). The behaviour manifests in responseRead MoreWhy Some Schools Don t Have Bullies Article Essay1329 Words   |  6 PagesThe why some schools don’t have bullies article focus on finding solutions to eradic ate bullying. Bullying is repeated acts of unwanted aggression and abuse of power that take a wide variety of forms. Some of the forms of bullying are physical and verbal aggression which can be categorized as direct or indirect behavior. When direct physical bullying occurs, it will involve someone being attacked physically through punching, kicking and stomping, whereas when indirect physically bullying occurs, itRead MoreA Brief Note On Cyberbullying And Other Types Of Traditional Bullying1138 Words   |  5 Pagestraditional bullying. According to Nansel (2001) and Olweus (1993), bullying is characterized by intentional behavior that is meant to cause pain, both physical and emotional, to another person due to an imbalance of social or physical power. There are two forms of traditional bullying: direct and indirect. Direct bullying is characterized by physical attacks, such as hitting and kicking; it is also characterized by non-physical attacks, such as teasing. The charac teristics of indirect bullying are lessRead MorePersuasive Essay On School Bullying1207 Words   |  5 PagesBullying In Schools Bullying is repeated physical, verbal, or social aggression by a group or person directed towards someone with less power intended to cause harm and fear. Bullying has many negative outcomes including mental health problems, substances use, shootings, and suicides. Name calling, hitting, spreading rumors, and making threats are common forms of bullying that occur in schools. Bullying creates an unsafe and unhealthy area for students. According to the article aggression, â€Å"OurRead MoreThe And Parental Authority Questionnaire1535 Words   |  7 PagesThe last study was conducted by Ritter (2005). The participants for this study were drawn from the junior and senior classes of a large suburban high school in the Midwest, with participants ranging between the ages of 16 and 18 (Ritter, 2005). The researcher used the Individual Protective Factors Index (Springer Phillips, 1997) and the Parental Authority Questionnaire (Buri, 1991). The goal was to determine if an association exi sted between the developments of resiliency and parenting styles

Foundation’s Edge CHAPTER SEVEN FARMER Free Essays

FARMER Stor Gendibal jogged along the country road outside the university. It was not common practice for Second Foundationers to venture into the farming world of Trantor. They could do so, certainly, but when they did, they did not venture either far or for long. We will write a custom essay sample on Foundation’s Edge CHAPTER SEVEN FARMER or any similar topic only for you Order Now Gendibal was an exception and he had, in times past, wondered why. Wondering meant exploring his own mind, something that Speakers, in particular, were encouraged to do. Their minds were at once their weapons and their targets, and they had to keep both offense and defense well honed. Gendibal had decided, to his own satisfaction, that one reason he was different was because he had come from a planet that was both colder and more massive than the average inhabited planet. When he was brought to Trantor as a boy (through the net that was quietly cast throughout the Galaxy by agents of the Second Foundation on the lookout for talent), he found himself, therefore, in a lighter gravitational field and a delightfully mild climate. Naturally he enjoyed being in the open more than some of the others might. In his early years on Trantor, he grew conscious of his puny, undersized frame, and he was afraid that settling back into the comfort of a benign world would turn him flabby indeed. He therefore undertook a series of self-developing exercises that had left him still puny in appearance but kept hint wiry and with a good wind. Part of his regimen were these long walks arid joggings – about which some at the Speaker’s Table muttered. Gendibal disregarded their chattering. He kept his own ways, despite the fact that he was first-generation. All the others at the Table were second – and third-generation, with parents and grandparents who had been Second Foundationers. And they were all older than he, too. What, then, was to be expected but muttering? By long custom, all minds at the Speaker’s Table were open (supposedly altogether, though it was a rare Speaker who didn’t maintain a comer of privacy somewhere – in the long run, ineffectively, of course) and Gendibal knew that what they felt was envy. So did they; just as Gendibal knew his own attitude was defensive, overcompensating ambition. And so did they. Besides (Gendibal’s mind reverted to the reasons for his ventures into the hinterland) he had spent his childhood in a whole world – a large and expansive one, with grand and variegated scenery – and in a fertile valley of that world, surrounded by what he believed to be the most beautiful mountain ranges in the Galaxy. They were unbelievably spectacular in the grim winter of that world. He remembered his former world and the glories of a now-distant childhood. He dreamed about it often. How could he bring himself to be confined to a few dozen square miles of ancient architecture? He looked about disparagingly as he jogged. Trantor was a mild and pleasant world, but it was not a rugged and beautiful one. Though it was a farming world, it was not a fertile planet. It never had been. Perhaps that, as much as any other factor, had led to its becoming the administrative center of, first, an extensive union of planets and then of a Galactic Empire. There was no strong push to have it be anything else. It wasn’t extraordinarily good for anything else. After the Great Sack, one thing that kept Trantor going was its enormous supply of metal. It was a great mine, supplying half a hundred worlds with cheap alloy steel, aluminum, titanium, copper, magnesium – returning, in this way, what it had collected over thousands of years; depleting its supplies at a rate hundreds of times faster than the original rate of accumulation. There were still enormous metal supplies available, but they were underground and harder to obtain. The Hamish farmers (who never called themselves â€Å"Trantorians,† a term they considered ill-omened and which the Second Foundationers therefore reserved for themselves) had grown reluctant to deal with the metal any further. Superstition, undoubtedly. Foolish of them. The metal that remained underground might well be poisoning the soil and further lowering its fertility. And yet, on the other hand, the population was thinly spread and the land supported them. And there were some sales of metal, always. Gendibal’s eyes roved over the fiat horizon. Trantor was alive geologically, as almost all inhabited planets were, but it had been a hundred million years, at least, since the last major geological mountain-building period had occurred. What uplands existed had been eroded into gentle hills. Indeed, many of them had been leveled during the great metal-coating period of Trantor’s history. Off to the south, well out of sight, was the shore of Capital Bay, and beyond that, the Eastern Ocean, both of which had been re-established after the disruption of the underground cisterns. To the north were the towers of Galactic University, obscuring the comparatively squat-but-wide Library (most of which was underground), and the remains of the Imperial Palace still farther north. Immediately on either side were farms, on which there was an occasional building. He passed groups of cattle, goats, chickens – the wide variety of domesticated animals found on any Trantorian farm. None of them paid him any mind. Gendibal thought casually that anywhere in the Galaxy, on any of the vast number of inhabited worlds, he would see these animals and that on no two worlds would they be exactly alike. He remembered the goats of home and his own tame nanny whom he had once milked. They were much larger and more resolute than the small and philosophical specimens that had been brought to Trantor and established there since the Great Sack. Over the inhabited worlds of the Galaxy, there were varieties of each of these animals, in numbers almost beyond counting, and there was no sophisticate on any world who didn’t swear by his favorite variety, whether for meat, milk, eggs, wool, or anything else they could produce. As usual, there were no Hamish in view. Gendibal had the feeling that the farmers avoided being seen by those whom they referred to as â€Å"scowlers† (a mispronunciation – perhaps deliberately – of the word â€Å"scholars† in their dialect). – Superstition, again. Gendibal glanced up briefly at Trantor’s sun. It was quite high in the sky, but its heat was not oppressive. In this location, at this latitude, the warmth saved mild and the cold never bit. (Gendibal ever. missed the biting cold sometimes or so he imagined. He had never revisited his native world. Perhaps, he admitted to himself, because he didn’t want to be disillusioned.) He had the pleasant feel of muscles that were sharpened and tightened to keenness and he decided he had jogged just long enough. He settled down to a walk, breathing deeply. He would be ready for the upcoming Table meeting and for one last push to force a change in policy, a new attitude that would recognize the growing danger from the First Foundation and elsewhere and that would put an end to the fatal reliance on the â€Å"perfect† working of the Plan. When would they realize that the very perfection was the surest sign of danger? Had anyone but himself proposed it, he knew, it would have gone through without trouble. As things stood now, there would be trouble, but it would go through, just the same, for old Shandess was supporting him and would undoubtedly continue to do so. He would not wish to enter the history books as the particular First Speaker under whom the Second Foundation had withered. Hamish! Gendibal was startled. He became aware of the distant tendril of mind well before he saw the person. It was Hamish mind – a farmer – coarse and unsubtle. Carefully Gendibal withdrew, leaving a touch so light as to be undetectable. Second Foundation policy was very firm in this respect. The farmers were the unwitting shields of the Second Foundation. They must be left as untouched as possible. No one who came to Trantor for trade or tourism ever saw anything other than the farmers, plus perhaps a few unimportant scholars living in the past. Remove the farmers or merely tamper with their innocence and the scholars would become more noticeable – with catastrophic results. (That was one of the classic demonstrations which neophytes at the University were expected to work out for themselves. The tremendous Deviations displayed on the Prime Radiant when the farmer minds were even slightly tampered with were astonishing.) Gendibal saw him. It was a farmer, certainly, Hamish to the core. He was almost a caricature of what a Trantorian farmer should be tall and wide, brown-skinned, roughly dressed, arms bare, dark-haired, dark-eyed, a long ungainly stride. Gendibal felt as though he could smell the barnyard about him. (Not too much scorn, he thought. Preem Palver had not minded playing the role of farmer, when that was necessary to his plans. Some farmer he was – short and plump and soft. It was his mind that had fooled the teenaged Arkady, never his body.) The farmer was approaching him, clumping down the road, staring at him openly – something that made Gendibal frown. No Hamish man or woman had ever looked at him in this manner. Even the children ran away and peered from a distance. Gendibal did not slow his own stride. There would be room enough to pass the other with neither comment nor glance and that would be best. He determined to stay away from the farmer’s mind. Gendibal drifted to one side, but the farmer was not going to have that. He stopped, spread his legs wide, stretched out his large arms as though to block passage, and said, â€Å"Ho! Be you scowler?† Try as he might, Gendibal could not refrain from sensing the wash of pugnacity in the approaching mind. He stopped. It would be impossible to attempt to pass by without conversation and that would be, in itself, a weary task. Used as one was to the swift and subtle interplay of sound and expression and thought and mentality that combined to make up the communication between Second Foundationers, it was wearisome to resort to word combination alone. It was like prying up a boulder by arm and shoulder, with a crowbar lying nearby. Gendibal said, quietly and with careful lack of emotion, â€Å"I am a scholar. Yes.† â€Å"Ho! You am a scowler. Don’t we speak outlandish now? And cannot I see that you be one or am one?† He ducked his head in a mocking bow. â€Å"Being, as you be, small and weazen and pale and upnosed.† â€Å"What is it you want of me, Hamishman?† asked Gendibal, unmoved. â€Å"I be titled Rufirant. And Karoll be my previous.† His accent became noticeably more Hamish. His r’s rolled throatily. Gendibal said, â€Å"What is it you want with me, Karoll Rufirant?† â€Å"And how be you titled, scowler?† â€Å"Does it matter? You may continue to call me ‘scholar.'† â€Å"If I ask, it matters that I be answered, little up-nosed scowler.† â€Å"Well then, I am titled Stor Gendibal and I will now go about my business.† â€Å"What be your business?† Gendibal felt the hair prickling on the back of his neck. There were other minds present. He did not have to turn to know there were three more Hamishmen behind him. Off in the distance, there were others. The farmer smell was strong. â€Å"My business, Karoll Rufirant, is certainly none of yours.† â€Å"Say you so?† Rufirant’s voice rose. â€Å"Mates, he says his business be not ours.† There was a laugh from behind him and a voice sounded. â€Å"Right he be, for his business be book-mucking and ‘puter-rubbing, and that be naught for true men.† â€Å"Whatever my business is,† said Gendibal firmly, â€Å"I will be about it now.† â€Å"And how will you do that, wee scowler?† said Rufirant. â€Å"By passing you.† â€Å"You would try? You would not fear arm-stopping?† â€Å"By you and all your mates? Or by you alone?† Gendibal suddenly dropped into thick Hamish dialect. â€Å"Art not feared alone?† Strictly speaking, it was not proper to prod him in this manner, but it would stop a mass attack and that had to be stopped, lest it force a still greater indiscretion on his part. It worked. Rufirant’s expression grew lowering. â€Å"If fear there be, bookboy, th’art the one to be full of it. Mates, make room. Stand back and let him pass that he may see if I be feared alane.† Rufirant lifted his great arms and moved them about. Gendibal did not fear the farmer’s pugilistic science; but there was always a chance that a goodly blow might land. Gendibal approached cautiously, working with delicate speed within Rufirant’s mind. Not much – just a touch, unfelt – but enough to slow reflexes that crucial notch. Then out, and into all the others, who were now gathering in greater numbers. Gendibal’s Speaker mind darted back and forth with virtuosity, never resting in one mind long enough to leave a mark, but just long enough for the detection of something that might be useful. He approached the farmer catlike, watchful, aware and relieved that no one was making a move to interfere. Rufirant struck suddenly, but Gendibal saw it in his mind before any muscle had begun to tighten and he stepped to one side. The blow whistled past, with little room to spare. Yet Gendibal still stood there, unshaken. There was a collective sigh from the others. Gendibal made no attempt to either parry or return a blow. It would be difficult to parry without paralyzing his own arm and to return a blow would be of no use, far the farmer would withstand it without trouble. He could only maneuver the man as though he were a bull, forcing him to miss. That would serve to break his morale as direct opposition would not. Bull-like and roaring, Rufirant charged. GendibaI was ready and drifted to one side just sufficiently to allow the farmer to miss his clutch. Again the charge. Again the miss. GendibaI felt his own breath begin to whistle through his nose. The physical effort was small, but the mental effort of trying to control without controlling was enormously difficult. He could not keep it up long. He said – as calmly as he could while batting lightly at Rufirant’s fear-depressant mechanism, trying to rouse in a minimalist manner what must surely be the farmer’s superstitious dread of scholars – â€Å"I will now go about my business.† Rufirant’s face distorted with rage, but for a moment he did not move. Gendibal could sense his thinking. The little scholar had melted away like magic. Gendibal could feel the other’s fear rise and for a moment But then the Hamish rage surged higher and drowned the fear. Rufirant shouted, â€Å"Mates! Scowler he dancer. He do duck on nimble toes and scorns the rules of honest Hamish blow-for-blow. Seize him. Hold him. We will trade blow for blow, then. He may be firststriker, gift of me, and I – I will be last-striker.† Gendibal found the gaps among those who now surrounded him. His only chance was to maintain a gap long enough to get through, then to run, trusting to his own wind and to his ability to dull the farmers’ will. Back and forth he dodged, with his mind cramping in effort. It would rat work. There were too many of them and the necessity of abiding within the rules of Trantorian behavior was too constricting. He felt hands on his arms. He was held. He would have to interfere with at least a few of the minds. It would be unacceptable and his cancer would be destroyed. But his life – his very life – was at hazard. How had this happened? The meeting of the Table was not complete. It was not the custom to wait if any Speaker were late. Nor, thought Shandess, was the Table in a mood to wait, in any case. Stor Gendibal was the youngest and far from sufficiently aware of the fact. He acted as though youth were in itself a virtue and age a matter of negligence on the part of those who should know better. Gendibal was not popular with the other Speakers. He was not, in point of fact, entirely popular with Shandess himself. But popularity was not at issue here. Delora Delarmi broke in on his reverie. She was looking at him out of wide blue eyes, her round face – with its accustomed air of innocence and friendliness – masking an acute mind (to all but other Second Foundationers of her own rank) and ferocity of concentration. She said, smiling, â€Å"First Speaker, do we wait longer?† (The meeting had not yet been formally called to order so that, strictly speaking, she could open the conversation, though another might have waited for Shandess to speak first by right of his title.) Shandess looked at her disarmingly, despite the slight breach in courtesy. â€Å"Ordinarily we would not, Speaker Delarmi, but since the Table meets precisely to hear Speaker Gendibal, it is suitable to stretch the rules.† â€Å"Where is he, First Speaker?† â€Å"That, Speaker Delarmi, I do not know.† Delarmi looked about the rectangle of faces. There was the First Speaker and what should have been eleven other Speakers. – Only twelve. Through five centuries, the Second Foundation had expanded its powers and its duties, but all attempts to expand the Table beyond twelve had failed. Twelve it had been after Seldon’s death, when the second First Speaker (Seldon himself had always been considered as having been the first of the line) had established it, and twelve it still was. Why twelve? That number divided itself easily into groups of identical size. It was small enough to consult as a whole and large enough to do work in subgroups. More would have been too unwieldy; fewer, too inflexible. So went the explanations. In fact, no one knew why the number had been chosen – or why it should be immutable. But then, even the Second Foundation could find itself a slave to tradition. It took Delarmi only a flashing moment to have her mind twiddle the matter as she looked from face to face, and mind to mind, and then, sardonically, at the empty seat – the junior seat. She was satisfied that there was no sympathy at all with Gendibal. The young man, she had always felt, had all the charm of a centipede and was best treated as one. So far, only his unquestioned ability and talent had kept anyone from openly proposing trial for expulsion. (Only two Speakers had been impeached – but not convicted – in the hemimillennial history of the Second Foundation.) The obvious contempt, however, of missing a meeting of the Table was worse than many an offense and Delarmi was pleased to sense that the mood for trial had moved forward rather more than a notch. She said, â€Å"First Speaker, if you do not know the whereabouts of Speaker Gendibal, I would be pleased to tell you.† â€Å"Yes, Speaker?† â€Å"Who among us does not know that this young man† (she used no honorific in speaking of him, and it was something that everyone noted, of course) â€Å"finds business among the Hamish continually? What that business might be, I do not ask, but he is among them now and his concern with them is clearly important enough to take precedence over this Table.† â€Å"I believe,† said another of the Speakers, â€Å"that he merely walks or jogs as a form of physical exercise.† Delarmi smiled again. She enjoyed smiling. It cost her nothing. â€Å"The University, the Library, the Palace, and the entire region surrounding these are ours. It is small in comparison with the planet itself, but it contains room enough, I think, for physical exercise. – First Speaker, might we not begin?† The First Speaker sighed inwardly. He had the full power to keep the Table waiting – or, indeed, to adjourn the meeting until a time when Gendibal was present. No First Speaker could long function smoothly, however, without at least the passive support of the other Speakers and it was never wise to irritate them. Even Preem Palver had occasionally been forced into cajolery to get his way. – Besides, Gendibal’s absence was annoying, even to the First Speaker. The young Speaker might as well learn he was not a law unto himself. And now, as First Speaker, he did speak first, saying, â€Å"We will begin. Speaker Gendibal has presented some startling deductions from Prime Radiant data. He believes that there is some organization that is working to. maintain the Seldon Plan more efficiently than we can and that it does so for its own purpose. We must, in his view therefore, learn more about it out of self-defense. You all have been informed of this, and this meeting is to allow you all a chance to question Speaker Gendibal, in order that we may come to some conclusion as to future policy.† It was, in fact, even unnecessary to say this much. Shandess held his mind open, so they all knew. Speaking was a matter of courtesy. Delarmi looked about swiftly. The other ten seemed content to allow her to take on the role of anti-Gendibal spokesperson. She said, â€Å"Yet Gendibal† (again the omission of the honorific) â€Å"does not know and cannot say what or who this other organization is.† She phrased it unmistakably as a statement, which skirted the edge of rudeness. It was as much as to say: I can analyze your mind; you need not bother to explain. The First Speaker recognized the rudeness and made the swift decision to ignore it. â€Å"The fact that Speaker Gendibal† (he punctiliously avoided the omission of the honorific and did not even point up the fact by stressing it) â€Å"does not know and cannot say what the other organization is, does not mean it does not exist. The people of the First Foundation, through most of their history, knew virtually nothing about us and, in fact, know next to nothing about us now. Do you question our existence?† â€Å"It does not follow,† said Delarmi, â€Å"that because we are unknown and yet exist, that anything, in order to exist, need only be unknown.† And she laughed lightly. â€Å"True enough. That is why Speaker Gendibal’s assertion must be examined most carefully. It is based on rigorous mathematical deduction, which I have gone over myself and which I urge you all to consider. It is† (he searched for a cast of mind that best expressed his views) â€Å"not unconvincing.† â€Å"And this First Foundationer, Golan Trevize, who hovers in your mind but whom you do not mention?† (Another rudeness and this time the First Speaker flushed a bit.) â€Å"What of him?† The First Speaker said, â€Å"It is Speaker Gendibal’s thought that this man, Trevize, is the tool – perhaps an unwitting one – of this organization and that we must not ignore him.† â€Å"If,† said Delarmi, sitting back in her chair and pushing her graying hair backward and out of her eyes, â€Å"this organization – whatever it is – exists and if it is dangerously powerful in its mental capabilities and is so hidden, is it likely to be maneuvering so openly by way of someone as noticeable as an exiled Councilman of the First Foundation?† The First Speaker said gravely, â€Å"One would think not. And yet I have noticed something that is most disquieting. I do not understand it.† Almost involuntarily he buried the thought in his mind, ashamed that others might see it. Each of the Speakers noted the mental action and, as was rigorously required, respected the shame. Delarmi did, too, but she did so impatiently. She said, in accordance with the required formula, â€Å"May we request that you let us know your thoughts, since we understand and forgive any shame you may feel?† The First Speaker said, â€Å"Like you, I do not see on what grounds one should suppose Councilman Trevize to be a tool of the other organization, or what purpose he could possibly serve if he were. Yet Speaker Gendibal seems sure of it, and one cannot ignore the possible value of intuition in anyone who has qualified for Speaker. I therefore attempted to apply the Plan to Trevize.† â€Å"To a single person?† said one of the Speakers in low voiced surprise, and then indicated his contrition at once for having accompanied the question with a thought that was clearly the equivalent of: What a fool! â€Å"To a single person,† said the First Speaker, â€Å"and you are right. What a fool I am! I know very well that the Plan cannot possibly apply to individuals, not even to small groups of individuals. Nevertheless, I was curious. I extrapolated the Interpersonal Intersections far past the reasonable limits, but I did it in sixteen different ways and chose a region rather than a point. I then made use of all the details we know about Trevize – a Councilman of the First Foundation does not go completely unnoticed – and of the Foundation’s Mayor. I then threw it all together, rather higgledy-piggledy, I’m afraid.† He paused. † Well?† said Delarmi. â€Å"I gather you†¦ – Were the results surprising?† â€Å"There weren’t any results, as you might all expect,† said the First Speaker. â€Å"Nothing can be done with a single individual, and yet – and yet†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"And yet?† â€Å"I have spent forty years analyzing results and I have grown used to obtaining a clear feeling of what the results would be before they were analyzed – and I have rarely been mistaken. In this case, even though there were no results, I developed the strong feeling that Gendibal was right and that Trevize should not be left to himself.† â€Å"Why not, First Speaker?† asked Delarmi, clearly taken aback at the strong feeling in the First Speaker’s mind. â€Å"I am ashamed,† said the First Speaker, â€Å"that I have let myself be tempted into using the Plan for a purpose for which it is not fit. I am further ashamed now that I am allowing myself to be influenced by something that is purely intuitive. – Yet I must, for I feel this very strongly. If Speaker Gendibal is right – if we are in danger from an unknown direction – then I feel that when the time comes that our affairs are at a crisis, it will be Trevize who will hold and play the deciding card.† â€Å"On what basis do you feel this?† said Delarmi, shocked. First Speaker Shandess looked about the table miserably, â€Å"I have no basis. The psychohistorical mathematics produces nothing, but as I watched the interplay of relationships, it seemed to me that Trevize is the key to everything. Attention must be paid to this young man.† Gendibal knew that he would not get back in time to join the meeting of the Table. It might be that he would not get back at all. He was held firmly and he tested desperately about him to see how he could best manage to force them to release him. Rufirant stood before him now, exultant. â€Å"Be you ready now, scowler? Blow for blow, strike for strike, Hamish-fashion. Come then, art the smaller; strike then first.† Gendibal said, â€Å"Will someone hold thee, then, as I be held?† Rufirant said, â€Å"Let him go. Nah nah. His arms alane. Leave arms free, but hold legs strong. We want no dancing.† Gendibal felt himself pinned to the ground. His arms were free. â€Å"Strike, scowler,† said Rufirant. â€Å"Give us a blow.† And then Gendibal’s probing mind found something that answered – indignation, a sense of injustice and pity. He had no choice; he would have to run the risk of outright strengthening and then improvising on the basis of There was no need! He had not touched this new mind, yet it reacted as he would have wished. Precisely. He suddenly became aware of a small figure-stocky, with long, tangled black hair and arms thrust outward – careening madly into his field of view and pushing madly at the Hamish farmer. The figure was that of a woman. Gendibal thought grimly that it was a measure of his tension and preoccupation that he had not noted this till his eyes told him so. â€Å"Karoll Rufirant!† She shrieked at the farmer. â€Å"Art bully and coward! Strike for strike, Hamish-fashion? You be two times yon scowler’s size. You’ll be in more sore danger attacking me. Be there renown in pashing yon poor spalp? There be shame, I’m thinking. It will be a fair heap of finger-pointing and there’ll be full saying, ‘Yon be Rufirant, renowned baby-smasher.’ It’ll be laughter, I’m thinking, and no decent Hamishman will be drinking with you – and no decent Hamishwoman will be ought with you.† Rufirant was trying to stem the torrent, warding off the blows she was aiming at him, attempting weakly to answer with a placating, â€Å"Now, Sura. Now, Sura.† Gendibal was aware that hands no longer grasped him, that Rufirant no longer glared at him, that the minds of all were no longer concerned with him. Sura was not concerned with him, either; her fury was concentrated solely on Rufirant. Gendibal, recovering, now looked to take measures to keep that fury alive and to strengthen the uneasy shame flooding Rufirant’s mind, and to do both so lightly and skillfully as to leave no mark. Again, there was no need. The woman said, â€Å"All of you back-step. Look here. If it be not sufficient that this Karoll – heap be like giant to this starveling, there must be five or six more of you ally-friends to share in shame and go back to farm with glorious tale of dewing-do in baby-smashing. ‘I held the spalp’s arm,’ you’ll say, ‘and giant Rufirant-block pashed him in face when he was not to back-strike.’ And you’ll say, ‘But I held his foot, so give me also – glory.’ And Rufirant-chunk will say, ‘I could not have kiln on his lane, so my furrow-mates pinned him and, with help of all six, I gloried on him.'† â€Å"But Sura,† said Rufirant, almost whining, â€Å"I told scowler he might have first-shrike.† â€Å"And fearful you were of the mighty blows of his thin arms, not so, Rufirant thickhead. Come. Let him go where he be going, and the rest of you to your homes back-crawl, if so be those homes will still find a welcome-making for you. You had all best hope the grand deeds of this day be forgotten. And they will not be, for I be spreading them far-wide, if you do make me any the more fiercely raging than I be raging now.† They trooped off quietly, heads hanging, not looking back. Gendibal stared after them, then back at the woman. She was dressed in blouse and trousers, with roughmade shoes on her feet. Her face was wet with perspiration and she breathed heavily. Her nose was rather large, her breasts heavy (as best Gendibal could tell through the looseness of her blouse), and her bare arms muscular. – But then, the Hamishwomen worked in the fields beside their men. She was looking at him sternly, arms akimbo. â€Å"Well, scowler, why be lagging? Go on to Place of Scowlers. Be you feared? Shall I company you?† Gendibal could smell the perspiration on clothes that were clearly not freshly laundered, but under the circumstances it would be most discourteous to show any repulsion. â€Å"I thank you, Miss Sura†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"The name be Novi,† she said gruffly. â€Å"Sura Novi. You may say Novi. It be unneeded to moresay.† â€Å"I thank you, Novi. You have been very helpful. You be welcome to company me, not for fear of mine but for company-pleasure in you.† And he bowed gracefully, as he might have bowed to one of the young women at the University. Novi flushed, seemed uncertain, and then tried to imitate his gesture. â€Å"Pleasure – be mine,† she said, as though searching for words that would adequately express her pleasure and lend an air of culture. They walked together. Gendibal knew well that each leisurely step made him the more unforgiveably late for the Table meeting, but by now he had had a chance to think on the significance of what had taken place and he was icily content to let the lateness grow. The University buildings were looming ahead of them when Sura Novi stopped and said hesitantly, â€Å"Master Scowler?† Apparently, Gendibal thought, as she approached what she called the â€Å"Place of Scowlers,† she grew mare polite. He had a momentary urge to say, â€Å"Address you not yon poor spalp?† – But that would embarrass her beyond reason. â€Å"Yes, Novi?† â€Å"Be it very fine like and rich in Place of Scowlers?† â€Å"It’s nice,† said Gendibal. â€Å"I once dreamed I be in Place. And – and I be scowler.† â€Å"Someday,† said Gendibal politely, â€Å"I’ll show it thee.† Her look at him showed plainly she didn’t take it for mere politeness. She said, â€Å"I can write. I be taught by schoolmaster. If I write letter to thee,† she tried to make it casual, â€Å"how do I mark it so it come to thee?† â€Å"Just say, ‘Speaker’s House, Apartment 27,’ and it will come to me. But I must go, Novi.† He bowed again, and again she tried to imitate the action. They moved off in opposite directions and Gendibal promptly put her out of his mind. He thought instead of the Table meeting and, in particular, of Speaker Delora Delarmi. His thoughts were not gentle. How to cite Foundation’s Edge CHAPTER SEVEN FARMER, Essay examples

Bob Dylan Essay Example For Students

Bob Dylan Essay Bob Dylan, born Robert Zimmerman on May 24th, 1941, has perhaps been one of the most influential singer songwriters of all time. Young Dylan lived the first five or six years of his life in Duluth, Minnesota, until his father became ill with polio and lost his job. The family then moved to Hibbing, Minnesota, where they slept in the living room of his fathers parents house for about two years. #9;As a boy he started listening to late night rhythm and blues stations from Chicago. He pestered the local record store for the newest singles from Hank Williams, Chuck Barry, Howlin Wolf , and John Lee Hooker, just to name a few. These early influences played, and still play, a big role in Dylans unique musical style. Somewhere around the age of ten, Dylan realized that he wanted to be a guitarist and a singer. Soon he formed his own bands, The Golden Chords, The Shadow Blasters, and Elston Gunn amp; The Rock Boppers. His fellow students were shocked to hear such a voice come from the small kid, when he sang at a high school talent show. #9;After high school graduation in 1959, Dylan enrolled in the University of Minnesota, but never graduated. Instead, he started playing in nearby coffeehouses, and was quickly taken in by the artistic community. There he was introduced to rural folk music of artist like Big Bill Broonzy, Leadbelly, Roscoe Holocomb, and the great Woody Guthrie. Throughout his life, Dylan will blend these three (blues, rock n roll, and folk) musical styles together. Dylan soon realized that if he wanted to make something of himself, he needed to get to New York City. This was something that he had been thinking about for a long time. So one morning with nothing but his guitar and suitcase in hand, he just left. Several months later he arrived in New York with a guy that knew the city. The two immediately took a subway to Greenwich Village, where Dylan once again fell in with the artistic community. Dylan soon began taking every thing in and started to blend it with his own musical background. Back the n musicians stuck to singing one type of music. In other words, if you sang folk music you didnt sing rock n roll and vice-versa, Dylan helped to change all of that. If I liked a song, I would just learn it and sing it the only way I could play it.;#9;Dylan released his first album in 1962 (just before his 21st birthday), and it sold over 5,000 copies. Very little of the music on his fist album was actually his, mainly because very few people did there own songs back then. Around the same time though, Dylan was starting to find his song writing voice, and his second album, THE FREEWHELIN BOB DYLAN, (my favorite Dylan C.D.) consisted of all but two songs that werent written by him. The song BLOWIN IN THE WIND became, and still remains the fastest selling single in Warner Brothers history. This type of protest song, as they would come to be called, were single handedly started by Dylan. ;#9;He had made such a big impact upon the folk stages of America in the early sixties, that when h e started moving back to his original rock n roll roots (by incorporating the electric guitar into his music), there was almost an immediate uproar. All this controversy inspired Dylan so much, that these were by far his most fruitful years. Sometimes hed write whole songs on the way to the recording studio or to a concert. By this time, Dylan was a household name. He had changed peoples way of thinking in so much of a way, that singers were now expected to write their own music. .ucb0ff4124c1572db7ea80fb74da0a73b , .ucb0ff4124c1572db7ea80fb74da0a73b .postImageUrl , .ucb0ff4124c1572db7ea80fb74da0a73b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ucb0ff4124c1572db7ea80fb74da0a73b , .ucb0ff4124c1572db7ea80fb74da0a73b:hover , .ucb0ff4124c1572db7ea80fb74da0a73b:visited , .ucb0ff4124c1572db7ea80fb74da0a73b:active { border:0!important; } .ucb0ff4124c1572db7ea80fb74da0a73b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ucb0ff4124c1572db7ea80fb74da0a73b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ucb0ff4124c1572db7ea80fb74da0a73b:active , .ucb0ff4124c1572db7ea80fb74da0a73b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ucb0ff4124c1572db7ea80fb74da0a73b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ucb0ff4124c1572db7ea80fb74da0a73b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ucb0ff4124c1572db7ea80fb74da0a73b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ucb0ff4124c1572db7ea80fb74da0a73b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ucb0ff4124c1572db7ea80fb74da0a73b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ucb0ff4124c1572db7ea80fb74da0a73b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ucb0ff4124c1572db7ea80fb74da0a73b .ucb0ff4124c1572db7ea80fb74da0a73b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ucb0ff4124c1572db7ea80fb74da0a73b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Artificial Intelligence Essay;#9;Throughout his life, Dylan continues to influence many musicians, poets, writers, and just people in general. Such great artists like Joan Baez (Blowin in the Wind), Jimi Hendrix (All Along the WatchTower), and even modern artists like Sheryl Crow (Mississippi) have all borrowed songs from him. Dylan has won a number of Grammy Awards, ranging from best traditional folk album (World Gone Wrong, 1993), to album of the year (Time Out